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Juniper Service Provider, Professional (JNCIP-SP) 認定 JN0-664 試験問題 (Q65-Q70):

質問 # 65
Exhibit

Which two statements about the configuration shown in the exhibit are correct? (Choose two.)

A. A Layer 3 VPN is configured.
B. A Layer 2 VPN is configured.
C. This VPN connects customer sites that use different AS numbers.
D. This VPN connects customer sites that use the same AS number

正解：A、C

解説：
Explanation
The configuration shown in the exhibit is for a Layer 3 VPN that connects customer sites that use different AS numbers. A Layer 3 VPN is a type of VPN that uses MPLS labels to forward packets across a provider network and BGP to exchange routing information between PE routers and CE routers. A Layer 3 VPN allows customers to use different routing protocols and AS numbers at their sites, as long as they can peer with BGP at the PE-CE interface. In this example, CE-1 is using AS 65530 and CE-2 is using AS 65531, but they can still communicate through the VPN because they have BGP sessions with PE-1 and PE-2, respectively.

質問 # 66

Click the Exhibit hutton.
You are configuring an interprovider Option C Layer 3 VPN to connect two customer sites.
Referring to the exhibit, which three statements are correct? (Choose three.)

A. P routers only maintain the internal routes from their own AS.
B. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.
C. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback addresses from the other AS PEs.
D. P routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback address from the other AS PEs.
E. PE routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.

正解：A、C、E

解説：
Interprovider Option C for Layer 3 VPNs involves the use of Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs) to exchange labeled VPN-IPv4 routes between different Autonomous Systems (AS). This option requires BGP sessions between ASBRs, and the VPN routes are carried end-to-end using MPLS labels. Here' s a detailed analysis of the roles of different routers in this scenario:
1. **ASBR Routers**:
- ASBRs are responsible for exchanging VPN-IPv4 routes between different ASes.
- **A. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback addresses from the other AS PEs.**
- Correct. ASBRs maintain routes to internal destinations within their own AS, and they also need to know the loopback addresses of PEs in the other AS to set up the BGP sessions and MPLS tunnels.
2. **PE Routers**:
- PE routers are responsible for maintaining VPN routes and label information to forward VPN traffic correctly.
- **B. PE routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.**
- Correct. PE routers need to maintain:
- Internal routes within their AS for routing.
- Loopback addresses of other AS PEs for establishing MPLS LSPs.
- L3VPN routes to provide end-to-end VPN connectivity.
3. **P Routers**:
- P routers are the core routers that do not participate in BGP VPN routing but forward labeled packets based on MPLS labels.
- **C. P routers only maintain the internal routes from their own AS.**
- Correct. P routers maintain the internal routing information to forward packets within the AS and use MPLS labels for forwarding VPN packets. They do not maintain VPN routes or routes from other ASes.
4. **Incorrect Statements**:
- **D. P routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback address from the other AS PEs.
**
- Incorrect. P routers do not need to maintain the loopback addresses of other AS PEs. They only maintain internal routing and MPLS label information.
- **E. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.**
- Incorrect. ASBR routers do not maintain L3VPN routes. They exchange labeled VPN-IPv4 routes with other ASBRs and forward them to PE routers.
**Conclusion**:
The correct answers are:
**A. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback addresses from the other AS PEs.**
**B. PE routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.**
**C. P routers only maintain the internal routes from their own AS.**
**References**:
- Juniper Networks Documentation on Interprovider VPNs: [Interprovider VPN Configuration](https://www.
juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/topic-map/mpls-vpn-interprovider.html)
- MPLS and VPN Architectures, CCIP Edition by Ivan Pepelnjak and Jim Guichard

質問 # 67
Exhibit.

Referring to the exhibit, which path would traffic passing through R1 take to get to R4?

A. R1 -> R2 -> R4
B. R1 -> R3 -> R4
C. R1 -> R4
D. R1 -> R2 -> R3 -> R4

正解：A

解説：
The OSPF cost is carried in the LSAs that are exchanged within an OSPF area. When a router calculates the cost to a destination it uses the cost of the exit interface of each router in the path to the destination.

質問 # 68
Exhibit

Which two statements about the configuration shown in the exhibit are correct? (Choose two.)

A. This VPN connects customer sites that use different AS numbers.
B. A Layer 3 VPN is configured.
C. A Layer 2 VPN is configured.
D. This VPN connects customer sites that use the same AS number

正解：B、D

解説：
The provided configuration is for a routing instance named VPN-A on a Juniper PE (Provider Edge) router. Let's break it down:
Instance Type: VRF
The instance-type vrf; statement indicates that this is a Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN) using MPLS VPNs (RFC 4364 - BGP/MPLS IP VPNs).
This confirms that Option D (A Layer 3 VPN is configured) is correct ✅.
VRF Target and Interface Association
The vrf-target target:64512:1234; defines the route target (RT) for importing and exporting VPN routes.
The interface ge-0/0/1.0; binds this interface to the VRF.
BGP Configuration for CE (Customer Edge) Peering
The group CE section configures external BGP (EBGP) (type external;).
The neighbor 10.0.0.1 is in AS 64512 (peer-as 64512;).
The as-override; statement is used.
Evaluating the Answer Choices
✅ Option B: "This VPN connects customer sites that use the same AS number." The as-override; command allows multiple customer sites that use the same AS number (64512) to communicate over the service provider's MPLS network.
Normally, BGP prevents routes with the same AS in the AS_PATH from being accepted. The as-override feature replaces the customer's AS number with the provider's AS, ensuring proper route advertisement.
✅ This statement is correct.
❌ Option A: "This VPN connects customer sites that use different AS numbers." If the customer sites had different AS numbers, there would be no need for as-override.
The as-override feature is specifically used when all customer sites share the same AS number, ensuring that BGP routes are accepted.
❌ This statement is incorrect.
❌ Option C: "A Layer 2 VPN is configured."
A Layer 2 VPN (L2VPN) configuration would typically use instance-type l2vpn; or EVPN/VPLS-related parameters (e.g., protocols l2vpn or protocols vpls).
Since this configuration uses instance-type vrf; and BGP with a VRF target, it is clearly a Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN).
❌ This statement is incorrect.
✅ Option D: "A Layer 3 VPN is configured."
The instance-type vrf; confirms this is an MPLS Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN).
VRFs, BGP, and route targets (vrf-target) are specific to Layer 3 VPNs.
✅ This statement is correct.
Final answer:
✅ B. This VPN connects customer sites that use the same AS number.
✅ D. A Layer 3 VPN is configured.
Verification from Juniper Documentation:
Juniper BGP/MPLS Layer 3 VPNs Guide confirms that instance-type vrf is used for L3VPNs.
Juniper BGP Configuration Guide states that as-override is applied when customer sites use the same AS number.
RFC 4364 (BGP/MPLS IP VPNs) explains how route targets and VRFs are used in L3VPN deployments.

質問 # 69
By default, which statement is correct about OSPF summary LSAs?

A. The metric associated with a summary route will be equal to the lowest metric associated with an individual contributing route
B. The area-range command must be installed on all routers.
C. All Type 2 and Type 7 LSAs will be summanzed into a single Type 5 LSA
D. Type 3 LSAs are advertised for routes in Type 1 LSAs.

正解：D

解説：
OSPF uses different types of LSAs to describe different aspects of the network topology. Type 1 LSAs are also known as router LSAs, and they describe the links and interfaces of a router within an area. Type 3 LSAs are also known as summary LSAs, and they describe routes to networks outside an area but within the same autonomous system (AS). By default, OSPF will summarize routes from Type 1 LSAs into Type 3 LSAs when advertising them across area boundaries .

質問 # 70
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